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Yesterday becoming the day before, here becoming there.
Why you specifically
Trong câu tường thuật, các từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn thường phải thay đổi vì người nói đang thuật lại từ một thời điểm và một địa điểm khác. Yesterday thường đổi thành the day before hoặc the previous day; tomorrow đổi thành the next day hoặc the following day; here thường đổi thành there. Ngoài ra, động từ thường lùi thì, nhưng người học Việt Nam hay quên rằng bản thân mốc thời gian và nơi chốn cũng phải đổi theo ngữ cảnh mới. Ví dụ, “I am here today” khi tường thuật lại có thể trở thành “she said that she was there that day”, chứ không giữ nguyên here, today. Đây là lỗi do ảnh hưởng tiếng Việt vì trong tiếng Việt ta thường chỉ cần đổi “hôm qua”, “ngày mai”, “ở đây” theo ngữ cảnh mà không luôn cảm thấy cần một hệ thống đổi tương ứng cố định như trong tiếng Anh gián tiếp.
The rule
In reported speech, time words and place words often shift because the speaker is reporting from a different time and place. Yesterday usually becomes the day before or the previous day, tomorrow becomes the next day or the following day, and here often becomes there. This is especially important in IELTS speaking and writing because mixed time references can make reported speech sound unnatural or confusing. The verb tense usually moves back too, but the time/place change must still fit the new reporting context.
The trap
She said that she was tired the day before yesterday.
She said that she was tired yesterday.
In reported speech, yesterday usually becomes the day before or the previous day when the reporting time changes.
He told me that he would call tomorrow.
He told me that he would call the next day.
In reported speech, tomorrow usually becomes the next day or the following day.
They said that they had arrived here yesterday.
They said that they had arrived there the day before.
In reported speech, here often becomes there, and yesterday becomes the day before.
My teacher said that the class would start in this room.
My teacher said that the class would start in that room.
In reported speech, this and here often change to that and there, depending on the context.
Prove it
14 drills
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