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Who broke it, with no auxiliary and no inversion.
Why you specifically
Câu hỏi chủ ngữ là câu hỏi hỏi về chủ ngữ của động từ: người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động hoặc được nói đến. Trong tiếng Anh, loại câu hỏi này giữ trật tự bình thường của câu khẳng định, nên không dùng do/does/did và không đảo trợ động từ. Ví dụ, Who broke it? đúng vì who là chủ ngữ của broke. Điều này khác với wh-questions thông thường khi từ hỏi không phải là chủ ngữ, ví dụ What did you buy? hoặc Who did you see? Trong những câu đó, tiếng Anh cần trợ động từ và đảo trật tự. Với subject questions, không thêm trợ động từ, trừ khi động từ chính đã có trợ động từ sẵn như Who is calling? hoặc Who has finished? Nói ngắn gọn: nếu từ hỏi là chủ ngữ thì giữ nguyên trật tự S-V; nếu từ hỏi không phải chủ ngữ thì dùng trợ động từ và đảo vị trí.
The rule
Subject questions ask about the subject of the verb: the person or thing doing the action or being described. In English, these questions keep normal subject-verb order, so there is no do/does/did and no inversion. For example, Who broke it? is correct because who is the subject of broke. This is different from ordinary wh-questions where the wh-word is not the subject, such as What did you buy? or Who did you see? In those questions, English uses an auxiliary and changes the word order. With subject questions, do not add an auxiliary unless the main verb itself already has one, such as Who is calling? or Who has finished?
Both correct
Every sentence here is correct English. Only the meaning changes.
Who called you?
The wh-word is the subject, so no auxiliary is used.
Who did you call?
The wh-word is not the subject, so an auxiliary is used.
What happened?
The wh-word is the subject, so no auxiliary is used.
What did you happen to see?
The wh-word is not the subject, so an auxiliary is used.
The trap
Who did call you last night?
Who called you last night?
Who is the subject of the verb called, so English does not use do/does/did or inversion here. In Vietnamese, learners often try to add an auxiliary because most questions use a question word plus question structure, but subject questions keep normal subject-verb order.
Who did break the window?
Who broke the window?
Who is the subject, so the verb stays in normal past tense form without did. The auxiliary did is used in ordinary wh-questions when who or what is not the subject, but not in subject questions.
What did happen to your phone?
What happened to your phone?
What is the subject of happened, so there is no auxiliary and no inversion. A wh-question about the object or complement would use an auxiliary, but subject questions do not.
Which team did win the match?
Which team won the match?
Which team is the subject of won, so English uses normal subject-verb order. Adding did makes the sentence ungrammatical in this subject-question pattern.
Prove it
13 drills
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