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He was given a book against A book was given to him, from a two-object verb.
Why you specifically
Trong tiếng Anh, nhiều động từ có hai tân ngữ như give, send, offer, show, teach, tell có thể chuyển sang thể bị động theo hai cách. Cách 1 là đưa người nhận lên làm chủ ngữ: He was given a book. Cách 2 là đưa vật được cho lên làm chủ ngữ và giữ người nhận sau giới từ to: A book was given to him. Điểm quan trọng là: khi bạn chọn cách 2, thường phải có to trước người nhận. Vì vậy A book was given him là sai trong tiếng Anh chuẩn. Nhiều người Việt hay bỏ quên to vì trong tiếng Việt cấu trúc tương đương không cần từ tương đương rõ ràng như vậy. Cũng cần nhớ rằng không phải động từ nào cũng dùng hai kiểu bị động giống nhau, nhưng với các động từ thông dụng như give, send, offer, show, teach, tell thì hai kiểu này đều rất thường gặp. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh người nhận, dùng dạng He was given a book. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh món đồ, dùng dạng A book was given to him.
The rule
With many two-object verbs such as give, send, offer, show, teach, and tell, English has two passive patterns. You can make the recipient the subject: He was given a book. Or you can make the thing given the subject and keep the recipient with to: A book was given to him. In the first pattern, the person who receives the thing becomes the grammatical subject. This is very common in English and often sounds natural when the recipient is the focus. In the second pattern, the thing received becomes the subject, and to is usually needed before the recipient. Not every verb allows both patterns equally well, and style can affect which one sounds better. But with common two-object verbs, both forms are often correct. Avoid dropping to in the second pattern: A book was given him is not standard English.
The trap
A book was given him by the teacher.
He was given a book by the teacher.
In the passive of a two-object verb, the recipient can become the subject. The original object can be kept as the object, and the giver is often added with by.
A book was given him by the teacher.
A book was given to him by the teacher.
If the book becomes the subject, the recipient is usually introduced with to. The sentence needs to show clearly who received the book.
He was gave a message yesterday.
He was sent a message yesterday.
A double-object passive uses the recipient as the subject: he was sent a message. This is correct passive English.
A job was offered her last week.
She was offered a job last week.
With verbs like offer, give, send, teach, and show, the person receiving the thing can become the passive subject.
Prove it
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